Genetic Engineering And Its Effects - 1592 Words

A future with no more disease, no more limitations to what we can or cannot do, the making of a superhuman, playing God. Scientists can now make humans better than ever by improving their bodies by changing the cells in your body. Genetic engineering can also prevent long-time diseases from continuing in a family and help treat many illnesses. Though it can help many issues, it brings up many problems if used improperly and often abused. Genetic engineering harbors more moral and ethical issues than having beneficial effects; however, the positive uses in specific situations should be acknowledged. Genetic history has been around for over a century now and began when Darwin first published the book The Origin of The Species which gave comprehensive information about breeding, the first step of genetic engineering. The next few decades after the first edition was published, scientists have been researching and doing studies on DNA and genetics and establishing what it does and how DNA looks like using a double helix and creating a genetic map to keep track of where all the chromosomes are and the order of them. Soon the first genetically modified DNA organism was done in 1974. Then the first genetically engineered mouse was done in the next couple of years in 1980. Soon they started the first gene therapy on humans in 1991 and is still continuing to this day (GM Education). Technology has now evolved to where people can replicate cells and clone an organism using DNA and thenShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering And Its Effects974 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess called genetic engin eering. What is this you ask? Genetic engineering is altering a person’s genes to get a more dominate trait. Some people believe that our world would better off if humans could be more intelligent, run faster, grow taller, and have more of a designer personality and physical appearance. For example, if a pregnant mother finds out her child is going to have Down Syndrome, genetic engineering canbe used to help fix the mutated gene. Although genetic engineering can fix minorRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects On Cancer Essay1818 Words   |  8 Pageshold the key to killing cancer. The ability for a virus to infect cancer cells has been documented as early as the 1900s. Recently scientists have been able to manipulate the genetic structure of viruses so we can use them to treat cancer safely. This recent breakthrough is known as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a new technology that allows scientists to reprogram viruses to infect and destroy cancer cells. Genetically modified viruses prove to be advantageous in treating cancer andRead MoreThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering is a way in which specific genes for an animal or plant can be extracted, and reproduced to form a new animal or plant. These new organisms will express the required trait for that gene. This practice is a very controversial topic within the scientific world. It is being implemented in various areas such as agriculture even though there are many alternatives that can be found for genetic engineered crops, such as organic materials and reducing leeching of the soil. The controversyRead MoreThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Agribiotechnology is the study of making altered agricultural products. Agribusiness is trying to alter the genes of already existing products to try to enhance the biocompetitiveness and adaptability of crops by enhancing plant resistance to drought, salinity, disease, pests and herbicides. They are going to try to enhance their growth, productivity, nutrient value, and chemical composition. The old way of doing this was through selectiveRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effect On The Good And The Bad2445 Words   |  10 Pagescharacteristics of genetic engineering have substantial behavior towards the good and the bad† (Powell 13). Although we do not recognize the true meaning of this quote at first glance, these words actually posses the key to mankind. Even though genetic engineering supports an exciting opportunity for the humanity, many red flags have been raised related to problems with safety, the availability, and most of all the epidemic itself. It has been portra yed throughout the years that genetic engineering not onlyRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effect On Human Health1996 Words   |  8 Pagesmodified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the goal is to introduce a new trait to the plant, which does not occur naturally in the species, for examples in crops and food. Since 1960, there are many introducing genetic engineering in crops production as it can bring a lot of benefits e.g. increasing food production, it is also environmental friendly and it gives high quality production. However, there are also many negative issues related to in genetic engineering such as it canRead MoreCauses and Effects of Genetic Engineering of Animals and Plants675 Words   |  3 Pagescould quite possibly be genetic engineering. Years of crossbreeding various breeds of farm animals have led to many new breeds bearing traits that they would not have otherwise. Researchers have even developed techniques that make it possible to directl y alter the genes of different crops. There are causes and effects of genetic engineering in animals and plants. With the population of Earth growing at a constant rate, food is becoming more and more scarce. While the effects of this are not as pronouncedRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects On The Human Of The Alien Dna848 Words   |  4 Pagesown, usually from another organism, causing it to both inherit and express the genes of the alien DNA (Weedman, 2015). Transgenic transformation is used for a number of commercial purposes, from food crops to transgenic animals, the rise in genetic engineering has opened up a multitude of doors in the agricultural, as well as health and medical fields. Even the current epidemic with antibiotic resistant bacteria is due in part of this process (Weedman, 2015; Wheeler, Farrand, Widholm, 1991). InRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Engineering On The Intelligence Of Humans With Adhd1806 Words   |  8 PagesGattaca, genetic engineering is a familiar theme. Genetic engineering is â€Å"changing the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved organisms (â€Å"Genetic Engineering†). In the article, â€Å"Can You Make Yourself Smarter?† Dan Hurly explores the process of improving the intelligence of humans with ADHD. If it is possible for one to become smarter through N-back tests, what are the possibilities with genetic engineering (Hurly)? Genetic engineeringRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Engineering On Our Environment And Economy1511 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past one hundred years or so, scientists have started experimenting with the genetic material of the fruits, vegetables and other such organisms that humans eat. These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are made when, genes from one organism are moved into another to improve or change the characteristics of that organism. The issue on whether farmers and scientists should further experiment with the genetic modification of organisms is a worldwide discussion. Although there are claims that

Driving Under the Inluence and Driving While Impaired

Just Two New legislation regarding drunk driving is constantly being drawn up, debated, and passed in the United States. Many states are working to make the penalties for drunk driving much harsher, especially for repeat offenders (Xavier). Currently, in every state, the minimum punishment for convicted drunk drivers involves the automatic loss of their licenses for a period of time determined by the state (Xavier). An offender’s driver’s license should be automatically suspended or revoked after a drunk driving conviction and do away with the possibility of an implied consent hearing. An implied consent hearing is an administrative hearing conducted by an administrative law judge to determine if the suspension legal under all applicable statutes. By law, a person who drives a motor vehicle is deemed to have given his or her consent to chemical testing of his or her blood or breath for the purpose of determining the alcoholic content of his or her blood, if lawfully arrested for driving under the influence. Just by driving a motor vehicle, the motorist has consented to giving a sample. In Oklahoma, the acronyms DWI and DUI stand for driving while impaired and driving under the influence. These terms describe the crime of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. A driver’s intoxication level is determined by his or her blood alcohol content (BAC), which is a measure of the concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream. It is normally measured as

Shark Cull Oral free essay sample

Does any of you in the class know the themed music for jaws? of course you do, we all do. Because sharks are really scary arnt they? Sadly Films such as this as well as the media have built up this huge reputation of sharks being threatening, alarming Dangerous monsters of the sea. Its a tragedy! Today I will be arguing for the rights of these misrepresented sharks and how this new catch and kill policy is completely wrong. Firstly Id like to inform you on what the catch and kill policy actually is. It was a new policy introduced around January by the Western Australia Premier, Colin Barnett due to 6 fatal attacks by sharks in the past 2 years. Barnets plan to combat this is by killing off any sharks which exceed 3 metres long in the Western Australia waters. He has implemented 2 methods. Setting out â€Å"Drum lines† (baited hooks attached to drums) a kilometer of the busy shores and also paying professional fisherman to hunt down Great whites, Tiger sharks Bull sharks in designated â€Å"kill zones†. Pretty appalling isnt it? Especially when the Great White shark is an endangered species. 90% of the worlds great white sharks have been killed, and here we are in a country where we greatly appreciate our beaches and marine life are adding to those statistics. Shark are a predator in the ocean and the potential risks of being attacked by them are known but is killing them really the best solution? Scientist from all over Australia, as well as Marine Life Advocates have been trying to drill in to Barnett that there are better solutions available, and that killing them will have no impact on decreasing the fatal attacks. (Why barrnets doing it, his thoughts behind it) Since 2011 39 people have died in Western Australia due to fatal car incidents, that more then triples the deaths caused by shark. So does this mean that it is to dangerous to be driving on our roads? Is this going to be another up coming law to be made by Barnett? A quick, illogical solution to so called protect the people. Western Australia is a common place for shark sightings. Yet the reasons for this is not because of there growing population but due to the increasing numbers of seals and whales heading in to the shallower waters. Even though this is the case, the chance of a fatal attack is still extremely rare. According to a poll from the UMR research company, 80% of Australians havent changed how often they swim, surf or take part in other recreational actives in the ocean, even though there has been a rise in shark attacks. Australian Citizens and anyone else who decides to go and swim at the beach should be well aware of the potential risks of shark attacks.. The ocean is the home to these species, and us? Where just visitors. People keep getting this thought that the increase of shark attacks are due to the increase in there population, but really its the increase in the human population. Gradually as our population grows, more and more people are going to the beaches and participating in water related activities which leads to an increase in shark encounters. Marine life Activists and others who object to this have stated that it is inhumane, unnecessary and environmentally irresponsible. Throughout Australia there are similar programs that run on the eastern coast that use baited hooks and nets to prevent sharks from entering protected beaches, but the reason why WAs proposal is extra controversial is because theyre targeting great whites. The first shark that was killed since the program began was just after 7am on Australia day. It was a 3m female tiger shark caught in meelup beach. The shark had swallowed a large hook attached to a heavy chain in which caused the animal to become increasingly distressed as it was prevented from swimming. The animal thrashed about in the water in apparent agony until it was shot 4 times in the head at a close range with a .22 calibre rifle. Ever since the laws were passed there has been a lot of backlash from the community. There has been major protests all through out australia as well as internationally in New Zealand South Africa. Manly Beach protest organiser Alice Forrest, who is an aquarist at Manly Sea Life Sanctuary has said that the cull is not science based, and rather then helping with tourism all its going to do is give WA a redneck reputation and decrease the amount of tourism there. In the 1960’s and 70’s Hawaii implemented a similar proposal which did more bad then good. The program failed to create any kind of significant decrease in shark attacks but managed to kill over 4000 sharks. The fisherman who has been employed to set and monitor drum lines, and kill and dispose sharks is being paid more then $5,700 a day resulting in over $610,000 for the season. The opposition leader Mark McGowen has stated that the cost is exorbitant and is costing tax payers a lot of money that could have gone towards scientific methods to help save lives. Mr Barnett has said that he gets no enjoyment from seeing these shark dies, but he will put his food forward in trying to protect the people. From saying this, the majority of the Western Australian people are against the laws that Barnett has put in place. The Great White Shark is the top predator of the ocean, meaning that it is not hunted by other animals in the waters. The Great White has been listed as an endangered species due to the over hunting of them for shark teeth and there fins. Fatal snake attacks in Australia have risen from 2 to 5 deaths in 2013. The controversy with this is however is that these particular brown snakes are an Australian protected species so that even though they kill us, We will never kill them. And due to the fact that the great whites roam around waters other then Australians, this makes it okay for us to kill those endangered species. Scientists have estimated that Sharks are pregnant for roughly 18 months causing them to have slow reproduction rates. This means that it is hard for them to recover there over hunted population. What the Government is doing is not saving the people, but killing out an endangered species. There is no evidence that suggests that the killing of these sharks will help to prevent shark attacks. Scientists and shark specialists have been on the governments back about this yet they just dont want to hear it. The reality of this is, that whether you like sharks or they do play a crucial role on this planet. If Shark culling keeps going the way it is then it can begin to tamper with our primary air and food sources. Through out the past 450 million years sharks have kept our seas healthy due to being the apex predator of the ocean. The role of sharks is to keep other marine life in a healthy balance. Sharks also have a major impact on the ecosystem that provides for 1/3 of our worlds food, produces more oxygen than all the rain forests combined, removes half of the atmospheres manmade carbon dioxide and controls our planets temperature and weather. A world without sharks means disastrous effects including the collapse of fisheries and the death of coral reefs. Imagine if sharks do become eliminated from ours waters? Our best natural defence against global warming and the lose of more oxygen then what is produced by all the trees and jungles in the world combined. Going back to Jaws, 2 Australians Ron Valery Taylor who were marine conservationists pioneering cameramen for Spielbergs Jaws have stated that they felt a sense of shame in a way, that they made so many people terrified of sharks going in the water. The unfortunate side of the successful movie is how theyve demonised this beautiful majestic creature. So What is it going to take? Thousands of people from WA and all parts of Australia have been coming to together to try and put an end to this absolute disgraceful policy, I think its time for the Government to listen before its to late. We cannot let our shark population being become extinct, We cannot let colin Barnett keep killing these sharks We cannot give up on fighting for the rights of these sharks. Its there water, So stop the slaughter!!!!

World War II as the Most Devastating War in World History

World War II was the most devastating war in world history. The war resulted in horrific property damage as well as about 17 million military deaths and even more civilian deaths. The devastation of the war was mainly due to the advanced military weapons used, from the infantry on the front line to the ships in the sea and the planes in the sky, these weapons destroyed lives and property in nearly every part of the world. In 1939 the United States became involved in the war.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War II as the Most Devastating War in World History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction As the â€Å"greatest generation† (Sledge 1990) fades, it is most significant to appreciate the important role they played in the shaping of our country today. Buried deep in the hearts and minds of every veteran are their many unforgettable memories. From these memories veterans can reflect and realiz e what precious treasures they have gained as they endured the many experiences World War II has offered them. The efforts of these veterans will never be forgotten as the stories of these heroes are passed from generation to generation. To fully appreciate the sacrifices of these veterans, it is important to pay close attention to what knowledge they have to share. We can learn from their mistakes or follow in their footsteps but either way we must take interest before it is too late. Without the help of these important veterans, our view of World War II might not be what it should have been. The same mistakes could just have easily been made and another world war could have surfaced. The American soldiers and veterans who had fought foreign wars formed together but most of the people preferred new Am vets. The first convention of American veterans of World War II later who served the US military was held in Chicago in October 1945. Even the smaller groups of veterans formed togeth er to support them mutually in organization such as American Veterans Committee (Schneider and Schneider 2003). To these heroes we owe every aspect of our life. These veterans came from all over the nation to defend and honor our country. United States and the Japan in the World War II The American said this war as the good war as the America entered World War II for good reasons. They had to defend their allies in the European continent. Friendly European nations were losing the battle against the Axis forces and needed the United States’ forces assistance (Sledge 1990). The U.S. had the much needed military power the Allies needed to win. (Elson 1043) Since the European nations being attacked were allies and foreign trade partners, it was in the best interest of the United States to assist them. Many people felt it was the duty of the United States to travel overseas and defend them.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The U.S. had to prevent the war from reaching home. Attacks on U.S. soil would be very dangerous to the security of the nation. If the war reached North America, it surely would have meant the Axis would be victorious. This is one reason the U.S. entered the war when they did; they had to keep the war overseas. When there was an attack within U.S. borders, immediate action was taken. On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor, a military base in Hawaii. The results were devastating. 19 ships were sunk, 150 planes destroyed, 2403 were killed, and 1178 wounded. This attack threatened both the United State’s pride and security. Since â€Å"part of this government is based on pride, action had to be taken to defend the United States of America. Only one day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, war was declared by the U.S. on Japan (Sloan 2007). When the declaration of war was voted upon, the results were astonishing. In the Senat e, the vote was a unanimous 82 yeas to 0 nays. The House of Representatives voted 388 yeas to 1 nay. The lone vote against the war was from pacifist Jeanette Rankin. It seemed everyone felt the same way toward the idea of war. The government was concerned for the nation’s defense. Pearl Harbor was the point of no return. The United States was attacked, and now it had to join the war to protect itself. The event riled up the citizens to support their country. Many men joined the military to fight for their country. People in the U.S. never felt as safe as they had prior to the attack. Every ethnic Japanese citizen was seen as a hazard. Americans were fearful that all Japanese-Americans had the same feelings of support for Japan. Americans became paranoid of the Japanese. Song requests on radio stations were banned from being played by the National Association of Broadcasters. They believed it may allow the Japanese to send coded messages. Weather reports were cancelled for fea r enemy fliers would use them to plan bombing raids on American cities. Man-on-the-street interviews were stopped because of the possibility that a national secret might be revealed. This fear of the Japanese race kept growing and affecting American life. The Japanese paranoia grew so great, a 1941 issue of Time even taught its subscribers how to distinguish between our Chinese friends and the hated Japs, who were, presumably, lurking around every corner. The differences were almost comical. The magazine said the Chinese were not as hairy and more kindly and open. On the other hand the Japanese were uncertain and panicky and â€Å"laughed out loud at the wrong time† (Yang 2003). The government, fearing for national security, took steps to minimize, if not eliminate, the threat the Japanese could pose (Yang 2003). To deal with the problem of the Japanese Americans, the United States set up internment camps for the Japanese to be sent to. Persons with as little as 1/16 Japanese blood were told to go to internment camps (Sloan 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War II as the Most Devastating War in World History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Japanese people that were sent to these camps were allowed to bring only a bedroll and what they could carry. The internment camps were not nice places to be. They were surrounded with barbed wire and armed guards. The internees were sent to the camps only because of their ethnicity; they did not commit any crimes. The most controversial part of the internment included American-born children and youth who had both U.S. and Japanese citizenship. Nevertheless, they were sent to the internment camps just in case. The United States could make no exceptions to their policy on the grounds that they could be allowing the enemy to walk freely in their boundaries. Some of the internees were still loyal to the United States and wanted to fig ht for it. Critical Analysis There were many shortages of critical materials during World War II. Even so, civilian consumption rose about 22% during the war. Production on many civilian products sharply declined or stopped altogether. This decline in production of these products led to shortages. There were shortages of materials such as leather, metal, and rubber. To solve the problem of these shortages, many items were rationed (Sloan 2007). The rationing of products occurred from 1942 through 1943. In 1942, coffee and gasoline were rationed. Shoes, meats, fats, and cheese were placed under rationing in 1943. A point-rationing system for processed foods was also introduced in 1943. 1944 marked the end of rationing with the end of meat rationing with the exception of various choice cuts of beef. In 1945, shoes, all meats, butter, and tires were no longer rationed. During this period of rationing goods, coupons were needed to purchase these items (Dickson 2008). Schools set up rati oning stations to distribute coupons. Every person, no matter their age, received the same type of coupons. To purchase an item, three things were needed: the store must have the item, the buyer needed the cash to buy the item, and the appropriate coupon had to be used for the item. With these restrictions on purchasing products, black and grey market activity arose. Black market activity was the selling of ration coupons for a personal profit. Grey market activity was the trading of coupons among friends, family, or neighbors. Both were illegal (Elson 1945). This system of rationing was used until the end of World War II After the war, the economy was on the rise. There was a boom in housing because of the easily affordable mortgages for the returning military veterans. From this growth in the economy came a growing middle class. People migrated from cities to suburbs and businesses were involved in consolidation phase.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By 1956, most people held white-collar jobs. Labor unions were able to gain long term employment contracts and associated benefits for their members. Farmers, though, were still facing hard times. Farming continued to decline for many years. Besides the economy, there were improvements to the United States elsewhere. The military started allowing African Americans equal treatment. Nearly 500,000 African Americans had fought in World War II, most of which were confined to cheaper, segregated quarters. Despite their unequal treatment, the African Americans had fought well in the war and the military acknowledged that. The President’s Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Service was established specifically to study this matter. The armed services would never treat African Americans differently again (Elson 1945). After World War II, the United States had more respect as a world power than they ever had before. It made a great change in American societ ies. The people of America gained self-Confidence and believed what they were capable of, they had a victory as a nation and the individuals found themselves capable of doing what they can do (Schneider and Schneider 2003). They were seen as a world power prior to 1945, but not like they were after the war. World War II was the first real time the United States chose to exert its true power. The U.S. has dominated the affairs of the world since 1945 (Dickson 2008). Since then, the United States has been considered one of, if not the most, powerful country in the world. Bibliography Dickson, Keith D. World War Two almanac. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2008. Elson, Henry W. History of the United States of America. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1945. Schneider, Carl J., and Dorothy Schneider. World War II. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2003. Sledge, E. B. With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. Sloan, Bill. The Ultimate Battle: Okinawa 1 945–The Last Epic Struggle of World War II. New York: Simon Schuster, 2007. Yang, Timothy M. The Malleable Yet Undying Natiure of the Yellow Peril. 2003.  http://www.dartmouth.edu/~hist32/History/S22%20-The%20Malleable%20Yet%20Undying%20Nature%20of%20the%20Yellow%20Peril.htm . This essay on World War II as the Most Devastating War in World History was written and submitted by user Virulent Budg1e to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marcus James Essays (1163 words) - Boi, , Term Papers

Marcus James Lower 6 Science 2 Communication Studies I.A Preface My Reflective piece follows a group of office workers who complain about their life at work while on a lunch hour, the boss comes in and then they try to explain to him their situations. The purpose of this piece is to explain to others some of the effects of using technology in the workplace. I chose this genre because I wanted to present the research in a re latable yet informative manner. I thought a play would real ly grasp the reader's attention, through the use of dialect. I was inspired to write this piece because of the nature of the genre and how easy it is to read and follow a play about any specific topic. This piece would most likely appeal to adults who are already working in the workplace, or it can also appeal to students in secondary school who are preparing to go out into the working world. Finally, a piece like this wo uld most likely be found in an online article or in an office circular. In this way it will reach the adult audience or anyone else who plans to work in an office environment in the future. Reflective " Office Woes " Four workers are chatting in the lunch room over a lunch hour, they begin to discuss the problems they are having in the workplace and how they relate to the technology they use every day. Enter Bill, Stan, Josh and Tom into the lunch room Stan: Aye Josh you finish dah project as yet boi . Josh : No boi, my back rel hurtin' meh, I cyah function for the rest of de day . Bill: Dais cause every day so we hunching over de damn computers and dem boi, dis sitting down staring at the computer whole day go be rel bad for us in the future . Tom: Bill what stupidness you talking; I working with ah computer for nearly ten years now and I doh have no problems . Stan: Is true what he saying boi Tom, watch how you had to get glasses, I was reading ah article about how watching de computer screen for so long does ruin your vision . Josh: Steups! Now I hadda go by the doctor to figure out what wrong wit meh dis new technology rea lly doing more harm than good oui. Tom: Bill what other things could happen to we boi ? Bill: Well ah next ting that could happen is we get rel stressed out boi, watch how Stan sprout bout 50 grey hairs in de last couple months boi . Josh: Yea boi I had to teach myself how to use some new program or someting so on de computer and I was rel stressed out . Stan: Ah next ting is all these emails and ting coming in does be rel distracting, I was trying to finish ah project de other day and I could hardly finish de project boi . Tom: My neck does be straining be too boi, dey say de chairs we sitting in supposed to help dat but it not doing nuttin' . Bill: Dem chairs as old as my nenen boi, dem cyan do nuttin' . Tom: We shouldn't even be sitting down all day in dem chairs boi, the average human should be getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day Josh: (interrupting him) An' we probably getting less than half of dat since we driving to and from work every fleckin' day . Stan: I does be losing sleep too, I does find myself over my laptop all kinda 12 o'clock in de night trying to finish thing, that cyan be healthy. Tom: Dis technology does be causing rel social problems too boi, if I want to talk to somebody all I hadda to is send dem ah instant message . Bill: Dais true talk boi, I ain't talk to Phil face to face in three months an' he was my rel bredren . Josh: Dais really someting yes, when yuh not talking to people yuh working with every day. Tom: An' yuh see how dey

All About the Economics of Interest

All About the Economics of Interest What is Interest?: Interest, as defined by economists, is the income earned by the lending of a sum of money. Often the amount of money earned is given as a percentage of the sum of money lent - this percentage is known as the interest rate. More formally, the Glossary of Economics Terms defines the interest rate as the yearly price charged by a lender to a borrower in order for the borrower to obtain a loan. This is usually expressed as a percentage of the total amount loaned. Interest Types and Types of Interest Rates: Not all types of loans earn the same rate of interest. Ceteris paribus (all else being equal), loans of longer duration and loans with more risk (that is, loans that are less likely to be paid off) are associated with higher interest rates. The article Whats the Difference Between all the Interest Rates in the Newspaper? discusses the different variety of interest rates. What Determines the Interest Rate?: We can think of the interest rate as being a price - the price to borrow a sum of money for a year. Like almost all other prices in our economy, it is determined by the twin forces of supply and demand. Here supply refers to the supply of loanable funds in an economy, and demand is the demand for loans. Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Canada can influence the supply of loanable funds in a country by increasing or decreasing the supply of money. To learn more about the money supply see: Why does money have value? and Why Dont Prices Decline During A Recession? Interest Rates That Are Adjusted for Inflation: When determining whether or not to loan money, one needs to consider the fact that prices go up over time - what costs $10 today may cost $11 tomorrow. If you loan at a 5% interest rate, but prices rise 10% you will have less purchasing power by making the loan. This phenomenon is discussed in Calculating and Understanding Real Interest Rates. Interest Rates - How Low Can They Go?: In all likelihood we will never see a negative nominal (non-inflation adjusted) rate of interest, though in 2009 the idea of negative interest rates became popular as a possible way to stimulate the economy - see Why Not Negative Interest Rates?. These would be difficult to implement in practice. Even an interest rate of exactly zero would cause problems, as discussed in the article What Happens if Interest Rates Go To Zero?

Embezzlement in the Workplace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Embezzlement in the Workplace - Assignment Example The accounting method that the manager used was a complex deception web where he set up fake companies, made fake invoices, and delivered fake expense reports for payments supposedly made to certain companies on Quest’s behalf. This resulted in the impact on the company’s balance sheets as erroneous calculations had been made due to the fraud. This fraud led to several accounts being impacted that include account receivable as well as sales revenues. The main reason behind this impact is the fact that the erroneous calculations affected both the calculations that had been made during the fraud and that requires being re-calculated. This affected the company’s balance sheet. The other fraud case in the recent times involves Block Communications Inc. that was deceived by a thief who was hired by the company as a thief prevention specialist. The accounting method used in this fraud was computer exploits (Bilski, 2009). In this instance, instead of the ‘specialist’ protecting the interest of the entire company he wrote himself checks and then destroyed the cancelled checks, which were returned to the company. The culprit made false entries to the company’s books affecting accounts such as account receivable and sales revenues. This is mostly because the company incurred losses emanating from the fraudulent sales. This cost the company funds amounting to $1.1 million. In addition, the culprit also made false entries in the organization’s books in order to cover the tracks. This fraud affected the company’s cash flow statement. Another case of fraud incorporated missing company assets. In this particular case, a former employee in the Directory Plus company stashed away at least 100,000 directories belonging to the company assets over a period of approximately four years. The directories were hidden in there different storage units that were found to be under her name. The employee also stashed away several phone books so as to cover the tracks of the fraud activity. This amounted to over $500,000 (Bilski, 2009).